常遇到寄信時被退信,經由退信的錯誤代碼可大概判斷問題出在哪,整理網路上查到的DSN(Delivery Status Notification)資料方便判斷
標準格式為#x.y.z,x、y、z為阿拉伯數字
2.X.X:2表示成功
4.X.X:4表示有問題,但可能是短暫性故障,時好時壞。
5.X.X:5表示永久性的問題,需要經過設定或調整處理才能正常運作
DSN的第二碼
1:表示Addressing Status
2:表示Mailbox Status
3:表示Mail System Status
4:表示Network and Routing Status
5:表示Mail Delivery Protocol Status
6:表示Message Content or Media Status
7:表示Security or Policy Status
X.1.0 Other address status
X.1.1 Bad destination mailbox address
X.1.2 Bad destination system address
X.1.3 Bad destination mailbox address syntax
X.1.4 Destination mailbox address ambiguous
X.1.5 Destination mailbox address valid
X.1.6 Mailbox has moved
X.1.7 Bad sender's mailbox address syntax
X.1.8 Bad sender's system address
X.2.0 Other or undefined mailbox status
X.2.1 Mailbox disabled, not accepting messages
X.2.2 Mailbox full
X.2.3 Message length exceeds administrative limit
X.2.4 Mailing list expansion problem
X.3.0 Other or undefined mail system status
X.3.1 Mail system full
X.3.2 System not accepting network messages
X.3.3 System not capable of selected features
X.3.4 Message too big for system
X.4.0 Other or undefined network or routing status
X.4.1 No answer from host
X.4.2 Bad connection
X.4.3 Routing server failure
X.4.4 Unable to route
X.4.5 Network congestion
X.4.6 Routing loop detected
X.4.7 Delivery time expired
X.5.0 Other or undefined protocol status
X.5.1 Invalid command
X.5.2 Syntax error
X.5.3 Too many recipients
X.5.4 Invalid command arguments
X.5.5 Wrong protocol version
X.6.0 Other or undefined media error
X.6.1 Media not supported
X.6.2 Conversion required and prohibited
X.6.3 Conversion required but not supported
X.6.4 Conversion with loss performed
X.6.5 Conversion failed
X.7.0 Other or undefined security status
X.7.1 Delivery not authorized, message refused
X.7.2 Mailing list expansion prohibited
X.7.3 Security conversion required but not possible
X.7.4 Security features not supported
X.7.5 Cryptographic failure
X.7.6 Cryptographic algorithm not supported
X.7.7 Message integrity failure
常見問題:
#4.3.1
硬碟空間不足
#4.3.2
由管理者主動從Exchange System Manager的SMTP Virtual Server Queue中退回信件
#4.4.1
對方主機沒有反應,通常是由網路傳輸所造成的錯誤,系統會再主動重試多次
#4.4.2
Connection已經被中斷,通常是由於網路問題造成,或者是對方mail server已經Down了
#4.4.6
是指信件傳送已經超過了SMTP所設的最大Hop Count
應檢查是否Routing或某些設定造成loop
#4.4.7
是指超過傳送限件的期限,經常發生於對方限制接收信件的Recipient數或者某些通訊協定造成Time Out
#5.0.0
SMTP Address Space沒有可Route的對象
DNS查詢不到欲傳送的主機記錄
Routing Group之間沒有設Messaging Connector
SMTP Protocol錯誤
#5.1.0
如聯絡人未設e-mail位址
Outlook 將信件存成一個檔,然後在離線狀態下打開並且回覆信件
#5.1.1
E-Mail位址不存在於對方的組織中
#5.1.3
沒有e-mail位址型態
#5.1.4
兩個物件有兩個相同的e-mail位址
#5.2.3
超過己方Exchange 2000伺服器限制的大小容量
#5.3.3
通常是由於使用BDAT指令傳送,而對方的SMTP伺服器的硬碟空間不夠所致
#5.4.0
查詢DNS沒有發現 Authoritative host記錄
Smarthost 指定錯誤
FQDN 名稱存在於 HOSTS file (fixed in W2K SP3)
DNS 失效
SMTP Virtual Server沒有一個有效的FQDN
無效或沒有SMTP address spaces
#5.7.1
沒有反解IP
被列入IP黑名單而遭拒絕
被SMTP Connector限制寄出
Mail relay限制,經常發生於Outlook Express使用SMTP寄信時.
2014年9月27日 星期六
2014年9月26日 星期五
CentOS 7 MySQL 變成 MariaDB 了
CentOS 7 MySQL 變成 MariaDB 了
MariaDB 安裝方式
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
設定作業系統啟動時,自動啟動服務
[root@localhost system]# systemctl enable mariadb
[root@localhost system]# systemctl start mariadb
用 status 檢查服務狀態
[root@localhost system]# systemctl status mariadb
[root@localhost system]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.37-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> \q
Bye
[root@localhost system]#
測試
測試
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 13
Server version: 5.5.37-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+------------------------------+
| Database |
+------------------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
MariaDB 安裝方式
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
設定作業系統啟動時,自動啟動服務
[root@localhost system]# systemctl enable mariadb
[root@localhost system]# systemctl start mariadb
用 status 檢查服務狀態
[root@localhost system]# systemctl status mariadb
[root@localhost system]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.37-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> \q
Bye
[root@localhost system]#
設定 root 的密碼
[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n]
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n]
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@localhost ~]#
設定 資料庫 root 的密碼
[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n]
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n]
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@localhost ~]#
測試
設定 資料庫 root 的密碼
[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n]
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n]
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@localhost ~]#
測試
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 13
Server version: 5.5.37-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+------------------------------+
| Database |
+------------------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]#
+------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]#
2014年9月20日 星期六
解決首頁被hao123綁架
開IE或Firefox時首頁首頁被更改成hao123,用了以前的各種方法IE回復預設值,檢查IE內容是否被加上123,和使用了Malwarebytes Anti-Malware...等移除軟件都沒用,後來在http://azo-edu.blogspot.tw/2014/08/hao123-qvodplayer.html 找到答案,我也有裝QVOD兇手應該是他,不過在C:\Program Files\QvodPlayer\和C:\Program Files (x86)\QvodPlayer都找不到QvodExtend 這個資料夾,後來發現他原來是放到C:\ProgramData 這個隱藏資料夾裡面了,更名重開機後刪除QvodExtend 資料夾,就移除hao123 首頁了。
2014年3月26日 星期三
Windows Printer Server上安裝32及64位元印表機驅動程式
Printer Server要同時要提供x86及x64的Client列印,要事前在列印伺服器上安裝這二個版本的驅動程式,當用戶端在連到這些印表機時,才會自動下載適合的版本驅動程式。
1. Windows 2003上是32位元,只有32位元版本的驅動程式。
2. 找到後64位元Driver下載並將檔案解壓縮至一個資料夾。
3. 找一台加入網域的Windows 7 X64系統,開啟列印管理介面。(列印管理在控制台內的系統管理工具裡),透列印管理介面連到Printer Server,點選印表機內容時,它會要求先安裝一次驅動程式至Client。在安裝驅動程式時選擇從碟片安裝,並且請將路徑指向步驟2解開的資料夾。
4. 點選一次印表機內容>共用>其他驅動程式,即可以透過以下的介面將Windows 2003上安裝X64版本的驅動程式。
1. Windows 2003上是32位元,只有32位元版本的驅動程式。
2. 找到後64位元Driver下載並將檔案解壓縮至一個資料夾。
3. 找一台加入網域的Windows 7 X64系統,開啟列印管理介面。(列印管理在控制台內的系統管理工具裡),透列印管理介面連到Printer Server,點選印表機內容時,它會要求先安裝一次驅動程式至Client。在安裝驅動程式時選擇從碟片安裝,並且請將路徑指向步驟2解開的資料夾。
4. 點選一次印表機內容>共用>其他驅動程式,即可以透過以下的介面將Windows 2003上安裝X64版本的驅動程式。
2014年3月25日 星期二
Enable Launch CSM讓ASUS 筆電能用光碟開機
現在Notebook 都附 Win8 想改成WIN7或者想用光碟開機時但怎麼樣都找不到光碟機開機的選項怎麼辦,這是因為現在的BIOS已改為EFI,可以在BIOS 啟用Legacy 每家板子設定不同,但都大同小異。
以ASUS Notebook X45V為例:
1.進入BIOS 在 Boot 標籤裡面把Launch CSM 改成 enable
2.在Security 標籤裡面 secure boot control 改成disable
3.按F10 存檔離開
4.開機後按ESC就可以看到光碟機在開機裝設備的選項中了
5.可以開始用光碟開機重裝了
註:Legacy就是舊的BIOS,而EFI是新的BIOS
以ASUS Notebook X45V為例:
1.進入BIOS 在 Boot 標籤裡面把Launch CSM 改成 enable
2.在Security 標籤裡面 secure boot control 改成disable
3.按F10 存檔離開
4.開機後按ESC就可以看到光碟機在開機裝設備的選項中了
5.可以開始用光碟開機重裝了
註:Legacy就是舊的BIOS,而EFI是新的BIOS
2014年2月25日 星期二
用微軟Autoruns 找出電腦內的惡意程式
今天上課聽到的工具 微軟Autoruns 可以檢測電腦內的惡意程式,不過並非一個工具可以解決及抓出所有的病毒和惡意程式還是要靠經驗和其他軟體交互配合...
懶得自己整理,而且上班中,這次就貼引用文章 引用於 http://cissnet.edu.tw/Page/Detail/65
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相信大家都曾經有過電腦中毒的經驗,也相信大家都遇過中毒時掃毒軟體不管用的時刻,那...這個時候怎麼辦呢!?自己動手搞定!是每個IT專家都會做的事情,但工欲善其事、必先利其器的道理是不變的,可是有那些好用的小工具可以協助我們獵殺惡意程式呢?
基本上所有的惡意程式在植入到受害者的電腦後,都一定會找一個方法,讓電腦重新開機時,惡意程式可以自動啟動。也因此只要可以破解惡意程式自動啟動的方法,那麼惡意程式移除的工作就算已經完成一半了。可是問題在於Windows環境中,可以伴隨著作業系統啟動而順帶啟動程式的設定不下百種,假如一個一個檢查,那要檢查到什麼時候呢?況且設定那麼多,也不知道到底有那些設定是可以用來自動啟動程式的,因此對於IT專家來講,這種作法似乎不太可行~
不過所幸的是,Windows大師—Mark Russinovich跟他的好朋友—Bryce Cogswell已經為我們提供了一個好用的工具,那就是—Autoruns。基本上Autoruns這個工具可以將Windows環境中所有用來自動啟動應用程式的設定全部都列出來,藉此IT專家就可以自行判斷那些自動啟動程式的項目是可疑的,然後加以清查、而後清除。Autoruns這個工具有二個版本—圖形版與指令版,在這次的Tips中,我們將以圖形版的使用方式為主。
Autoruns的下載網址為: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902.aspx 或者直接在Google打Autoruns也可以找到。程式一開使執行時,會先掃瞄系統中所有程式的啟動項目,取決於項目的多寡可能會花費30秒~5分鐘,假如希望中斷掃瞄作業,則可以利用鍵盤上的[ESC]按鍵中斷程式的掃瞄作業。
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掃瞄完畢後,在Autoruns的視窗中會將Windows作業系統內,所有可以啟動應用程式的設定,全部顯示在「Everything」中,並且分門別類的顯示在不同的標籤裡。大家可以依照自己的需要切換至不同的標籤頁,檢視相關項目。基本上Autoruns中的每一個項目假如看不順眼…都可以直接按右鍵砍掉…不是看不順眼啦…是假如覺得可疑的話,都可以砍掉。
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不過因為這樣的作法太暴力了,所以比較好的建議是可以將該項目前面的勾勾拿掉,等到確定不會有什麼後遺症的時候,再將該項目刪除。
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不過話說回來,Autoruns每次掃瞄的項目動輒百項,到底那些項目是「良民」、那些項目是「惡霸」,想要分辨清楚這也是個頗大的學問。不過所幸的是,Autoruns在「Options」選單下有二個好用的選項:「Verify Code Signatures」跟「Hide Signed Microsoft Entries」。這二個選項是強烈建議一定要勾的啦。透過「Verify Code Signatures」,Autoruns會針對每個項目檢查其是否含有數位簽章、以及數位簽章是否有效。在此數位簽章的用途可以用來證明該項目一定是來自於該項目的提供者,也就是軟體供應商,「絕對」不會有假造的情事發生。講「絕對」可能會害Vincent被人家罵…,不過風險暫時沒有那麼高啦~ 這個以後有空再談。目前針對其所提供的軟體有加上數位簽章的廠商有Microsoft、Google、Adobe、Sun、Intel、Trend Micro等…,透過該項目有數位簽章,其安全性起碼會有一定的保障,因此有數位簽章的項目可以暫時忽略啦~
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而「Hide Signed Microsoft Entries」這個選項則是用來將含有數位簽章,且是由Microsoft所提供的項目隱藏,藉此Autoruns中會顯示的項目大概可以先打個三折。因此在做人工過濾時,需要檢查的項目就不會有想像中的那麼多了。 可是雖然如此,但其實要看的項目還真是不少,那麼要怎麼看才會比較有效率呢?在此Vincent的建議是,可以先看「Description」跟「Publisher」欄位都是空著的項目。這種感覺就好像是,明明開著名車,怎麼可能會把自己的logo拔掉,會拔logo的,都是一些比較特別的啦~ 所以對於大部分正常的程式而言,其「Description」跟「Publisher」欄位或多或少都會有一些基本資訊,不會全部都是空的,除非該程式的開發,沒有一個正規的流程,才會有程式資訊都是空白的結果,不過這樣的程式,品質可能也會有問題吧~
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而第二個建議則是,假如該項目的「Publisher」掛著知名廠商的名號,特別是Microsoft,但是卻沒有數位簽章,那這個時候也要小心一點,因為那有可能是冒牌的啦~ 這個時候的建議則是可以利用每個項目上的滑鼠右鍵中,有個「Search online」的選項,可以到Internet上做做功課,避免誤殺良民啦~ 不過需要注意的是,由於Internet上的資訊多且雜亂,因在做功課的時候,千萬要謹慎小心!
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基本上好的工具可以讓我們的工作事半功倍,不過如果使用不當則可能會造成重大傷亡,而Autoruns就屬於這一類的工具。因此在使用Autoruns時,一定要格外小心、注意!
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2014年1月31日 星期五
瀏覽Gmail 郵件時會出現停頓現象解決方式
Chrome開啟gmail郵件後, 瀏覽郵件或切換上下封郵件時會有當掉停頓好幾秒的現象發生,可試著關閉參予者小工具看看是否能改善:
一、(1)登入Gmail 信箱。
(2)點擊右上角‘齒輪’圖示 > 設定。(3)點擊 一般設定 > 參與者小工具 >
(4)點擊 ‘儲存變更’。
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